Cloud Radiative Forcing of the Low-Latitude Tropospheric Circulation: Linear Calculations

Global radiative forcing of coupled tropospheric ozone and aerosols in a unified general circulation model

[1] Global simulations of sea salt and mineral dust aerosols are integrated into a previously developed unified general circulation model (GCM), the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) GCM II0, that simulates coupled tropospheric ozone-NOxhydrocarbon chemistry and sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, primary organic carbon, and secondary organic carbon aerosols. The fully coupled ga...

Uncertainty in preindustrial abundance of tropospheric ozone: Implications for radiative forcing calculations

Recent model calculations of the global mean radiative forcing from tropospheric ozone since preindustrial times fall in a relatively narrow range, from 0.3 to 0.5 W m . These calculations use preindustrial ozone elds that overestimate observations available from the turn of the nineteenth century. Although there may be calibration problems with the observations, uncertainties in model estimate...

Breaking down the tropospheric circulation response 1 by forcing 2

The low-latitude circulation of Mars

A simple linear, baroclinic and primitive equation model which includes both parameterized dissipation and a fairly realistic basic state is used to study the seasonal response of the Martian atmosphere to the steady-state influence of the orography of Mars. It is argued that the orography possesses a thermal and mechanical influence upon the state of the atmosphere. The thermal influence, whic...

Obliquity forcing of low-latitude climate

The influence of obliquity, the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis, on incoming solar radiation at low latitudes is small, yet many tropical and subtropical paleoclimate records reveal a clear obliquity signal. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this signal, such as the remote influence of high-latitude glacials, the remote effect of in-5 solation changes at mid-to high latitudes...